Cuba

The largest island in the Caribbean, Cuba ranks 97th among 193 countries in the Human Development Report 2025. However, there are growing difficulties for the food security and nutrition of many Cuban families.

The country has experienced a 15 percent contraction in GDP over the last six years and faces challenges stemming from a prolonged economic recession – characterized by persistent inflation, declining fiscal resources and fuel shortages. 

In addition, limited access to foreign currency has significantly reduced the availability of domestic and imported food. Although the government's monthly food basket provides basic commodities for the population, it is almost entirely imported, and the government has reported shortages and delays in its distribution. 

Cuba is experiencing significant challenges in its energy supply, which are affecting multiple aspects of daily life. Some health services have been disrupted, school schedules have been adjusted, and there are intermittent difficulties in water and sanitation services. These conditions also create challenges for the preservation of medicines and certain food products.

In parallel, constraints in fuel availability are impacting transportation and the distribution of essential goods across the country. As a result, supply chains are facing increased pressure, which may particularly affect populations in more vulnerable situations – influencing their access to food and essential services.

Cuba is one of the Caribbean countries most exposed to hurricanes, droughts and unseasonal rains. In addition, low agricultural productivity and high post-harvest losses remain key challenges. 

World Food Programme operations include strengthening the resilience of food systems and local agricultural value chains. We link producers to social protection programmes to ensure the supply of nutritious, locally produced food. We further support emergency preparedness and response, as well as actions to prevent malnutrition.