WFP’s new regional synthesis consolidates over a decade of peer-reviewed evidence and WFP data to illustrate the intertwined challenges of food insecurity, malnutrition, and socio-economic vulnerability among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in East Africa. Aligned with WFP’s 2025–2030 HIV Strategy—Feeding Health, the Last Mile on HIV—this analysis underscores the urgency of tackling overlapping deprivations and structural barriers that heighten HIV risks and hinder treatment success. By examining assessments from Burundi, Djibouti, Kenya, Rwanda, Somalia, and South Sudan, the synthesis fills critical evidence gaps, clarifies how food and nutrition insecurity intersect with broader socio-economic factors, and sets the stage for more targeted, integrated interventions.